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| Causes | ||||
| My | 1. Myocardial infarction | |||
| Heavens! | 2. Hypoxia | |||
| Did | 3. Drugs e.g. adrenaline, anaesthetics | |||
| He | 4. Hypothermia | |||
| Ever | 5. Embolism | |||
| Have | 6. Haemorrhage and shock | |||
| Flat? | 7. Fright | |||
| Everyone | 8. Electrocution | |||
| Enquired | 9. Electrolyte imbalance | |||
| As | 10. Acid base imbalance | |||
| He | 11. Hypercapnoea | |||
| Vanished | 12. Viscerocardiac reflexes | |||
| Signs | ||||
| Union | 1. Unconsciousness | |||
| People | 2. Pulse not palpable | |||
| Giving | 3. Gasping or apnoea | |||
| Posters | 4. Pupils dilated | |||
| Management | ||||
| Rupee | 1. Raise foot end | |||
| Coins | 2. Clear airway | |||
| Are | 3. Artificial respiration | |||
| Every | 4. External cardiac massage | |||
| Day | 5. Drugs | |||
| A | Adrenaline 1 ampoule i.v. | |||
| Curly | Calcium gluconate 10 ml i.v. | |||
| Haired | Hydrocortisone 100 mg i.v. | |||
| Spy | Sodium bicarbonate 6-10 ml i.v. | |||
| In | 6. Internal cardiac massage | |||
| Demand | 7. Defibrillation | |||
| Every | Electric defibrillation | |||
| Saint | Sodium bicarbonate 100 ml i.v. | |||
| Prays | Procainamide 200 mg i.v. | |||
| Lord | Lignocaine 50-100 mg i.v. |
| Please | 1. Pallor |
| Send | 2. Skin cold and moist |
| Red | 3. Respiration rapid and shallow |
| Carpets. | 4. Cyanosis |
| People | 5. Pulse weak and rapid |
| Have | 6. Hypotension |
| Often | 7. Oliguria |
| Played | 8. Polydipsia |
| A | 9. Apprehension and restlessness |
| Demon | 10. Diminished senses |
| Short | 1. Surface anaesthesia |
| Ladies | 2. Local infiltration |
| Not | 3. Nerve block |
| Really | 4. Refrigeration anaesthesia |
| Energetic | 5. Extradural anaesthesia |
| I | 1. Incised wound |
| Like | 2. Lacerated wound |
| Consent | 3. Contused wound |
| Separately | 4. Sprain |
| From | 5. Fracture |
| 6. Puncture wound | |
| 3 Partners | 7. Perforating wound |
| 8. Penetrating wound |
| Local effects | ||
| Paying | 1. Pain | |
| Fairly | 2. Fluid, electrolyte and protein loss | |
| Heavy | 3. Heat loss | |
| Income | 4. Infection | |
| Tax | 5. Thrombosis | |
| Systemic effects | ||
| Heavy | 1. Haemolysis | |
| Investment | 2. Increased capillary permeability | |
| With | 3. Water and electrolyte loss | |
| Companies | 4. Cardiac output diminished | |
| Often | 5. Oliguria and renal failure | |
| Causes | 6. Curling's ulcer | |
| Real | 7. Respiratory failure | |
| Concern | 8. Catabolism | |
| General management | ||
| Send | 1. Sedation and analgesia | |
| A | 2. Airway maintenance | |
| Fast | 3. Fluid balance | |
| Bowler | 4. Blood | |
| To | 5. Tetanus prevention | |
| Attack | 6. Antibiotics | |
| A | 7. Antacids | |
| New | 8. Nutrition | |
| Run | 9. Reassurance | |
| Rioter | 10. Rehabilitation | |
| Local management | ||
| Doctors | 1. Debridement | |
| Always | 2. Antiseptic | |
| Have | 3. Haemografts | |
| An | 4. Autografts | |
| Emergency | 5. Escharotomy | |
| Duty | 6. Deformity prevention |
| History | |
| Daily | 1. Duration |
| Many | 2. Mode of onset |
| Shopkeepers | 3. Situation |
| Send | 4. Shape |
| Precious | 5. Progress |
| Packets | 6. Pain |
| Some | 7. Secondary changes |
| Shopkeepers | 8. Similar swellings elsewhere |
| Lose | 9. Loss of body weight |
| Receipts | 10. Recurrence |
| Physical examination | |
| Not | 1. Number |
| Single | 2. Situtation |
| Service | 3. Shape |
| Station | 4. Size |
| Can | 5. Colour |
| Serve | 6. Surface |
| Every | 7. Edge |
| Person | 8. Pulsation |
| In | 9. Impulse on coughing |
| Same | 10. Skin over the swelling |
| Polite | 11. Pressure effects |
| Loving | 12. Local temperature |
| Tone | 13. Tenderness |
| History | |||
| Decent | 1. Duration | ||
| Men | 2. Mode of onset | ||
| Pay | 3. Pain | ||
| Due | 4. Discharge | ||
| Price | 5. Past history | ||
| Physical examination | |||
| Indian | A. Inspection | ||
| New | 1. Number | ||
| Persons | 2. Position | ||
| Specially | 3. Size | ||
| Sought | 4. Shape | ||
| For | 5. Floor | ||
| Every | 6. Edge | ||
| Day | 7. Discharge | ||
| Short | 8. Surrounding area | ||
| Visits | 9. Varicose veins | ||
| People | B. Palpation | ||
| Tried | 1. Tenderness | ||
| Even | 2. Edge | ||
| Better | 3. Base | ||
| Makes | 4. Mobility | ||
| Like | C. Lymph nodes | ||
| Imported | D. Impairment of circulation | ||
| Nuts | E. Nerve lesions |
| People's | 1. Papilloma |
| Liking | 2. Lipoma |
| For | 3. Fibroma |
| Kites | 4. Keloid |
| Not | 5. Neurofibroma |
| Always | 6. Angiomas a. Capillary b. Cavernous |
| Concealed | 7. Chondroma a. Enchondroma b. Ecchondroma |
| Etiology | ||
| Common | 1. Chemical | |
| People | 2. Physical | |
| Visit | 3. Viral | |
| Great | 4. Genetic | |
| Monuments | 5. Miscellaneous (diet) | |
| Spread | ||
| Dim | 1. Direct extension | |
| Light | 2. Lymphatic | |
| Vision | 3. Vascular | |
| Thin | 4. Transcoelomic | |
| Local effects | ||
| Evening | 1. Expansive a. Obstruction b. Lump | |
| In | 2. Infiltrative a. Pain b. Fixation | |
| Newzealand | 3. Necrosis a. Bleeding b. Infection | |
| Metastatic effects | ||
| Lady | 1. Lymphadenopathy | |
| Dancers | 2. Dyspnoea (lung) | |
| Join | 3. Jaundice (liver) | |
| Fun | 4. Fracture (bone) | |
| Every | 5. Epilepsy (brain) | |
| Night | 6. Nodules (skin) | |
| Systemic effects | ||
| College | 1. Constitutional | Cachexia and weight loss |
| Anaemia | ||
| Fever | ||
| Can | 2. Cutaneous | Acantosis nigricans |
| Dermatomyositis | ||
| Hire | 3. Haematological | Polycythaemia |
| Very | 4. Vascular | Thrombophlebitis |
| Huge | 5. Hormonal and metabolic | Cushing's disease (lung) |
| ADH secretion (lung) | ||
| Hypercalcaemia (lung, breast) | ||
| Hypoglycaemia (liver | ||
| Grand | 6. Gout (lymphomas | |
| Net | 7. Neuromuscular | Cerebellar degeneration (lung) |
| Myasthenia gravis (thymus) |
| Now | 1. Nausea, vomiting, malaise |
| Some | 2. Skin ulceration |
| Beautiful | 3. Bowel stricture, ulceration or perforation |
| New | 4. Nephritis |
| Girls | 5. Gonadal atrophy |
| Present | 6. Pancytopenia |
| Poetry | 7. Pneumonitis and fibrosis |
| Please | 8. Pericarditis |
| Come | 9. Conjunctivitis and cataract |
| Closer | 10. Cerebral oedema |
| Beauty | 11. Bone necrosis |
| Lovers | 12. Leukaemia |
| Doctor | 1. Dental ulcer |
| Can | 2. Chronic nonspecific ulcer |
| Inject | 3. Infective ulcer |
| Some | 4. Syphilitic ulcer |
| Tested | 5. Tuberculous ulcer |
| Medicine | 6. Malignant ulcer |
| Benign | ||
| Physicians | 1. Papilloma | |
| And | 2. Angioma | |
| Lawyers | 3. Lymphangioma | |
| Never | 4. Neurofibroma | |
| Let | 5. Lipoma | |
| Loose | 6. Lingual thyroid | |
| Malignant | ||
| Carcinoma |
| I | 1. Infantile mastitis |
| Paid | 2. Puberty mastitis |
| My | 3. Mumps Mastitis |
| Every | 4. Engorgment mastitis |
| Buck | 5. Bacterial mastitis |
| A. Direct extension | ||||
| Skin | ||||
| Underlying fascia, muscles and chest wall | ||||
| B Lymphatic extenstion | ||||
| An | 1. Axillary nodes | |||
| Can | Central | |||
| Police | Pectoral | |||
| Say | Subcapsular | |||
| Something? | Subclavicular or apical | |||
| Agent | 2. Anterior mediastinal nodes | |||
| Seen | 3. Supraclavicular nodes | |||
| On | 4. Opposite breast | |||
| Aeroplane | 5. Abdominal wall, liver and peritoneal cavity | |||
| C. Vascular | ||||
| Very | 1. Vertebrae | |||
| Rough | 2. Ribs | |||
| Surface | 3. Skull |
| Little | 1. Localised mass, stony hard with irregular surface | ||
| A | 2. Adhesions to skin | ||
| While | 3. Whole breast may be infiltrated or shrunken | ||
| Before | 4. Breast adherent to pectoral fascia and muscle | ||
| Ladies | 5. Lymph nodes enlarged and stony hard - later matted and ulcerated | ||
| Often | 6. Opposite breast may show secondary deposit | ||
| Practiced | 7. Paralysis of arm with severe pain in extremities | ||
| Low | 8. Later, induration, discoloration and ulceration | ||
| Monthly | 9. Metastatic symptoms | ||
| Just | Jaundice | ||
| Drink | Dyspnoes and pleural effusion | ||
| A | Ascites | ||
| Bit | Bone pain | ||
| Costs | 10. Cachexia and emaciation |
| Even | 1. Extraduct cancer | ||
| Send | Scirrhous | ||
| A | Acute encephaloid | ||
| Line | Lactational | ||
| Atlas | Adenocarcinoma | ||
| I | 2. Intraduct cancer | ||
| May | 3. Metaplastic cancer | ||
| Manage | 4. Male breast cancer |
| Rogues | 1. Radical mastectomy | |
| Live | 2. Local mastectomy | |
| Every | 3. Endocrine operations | |
| Bilateral oophorectomy | ||
| Adrenalectomy | ||
| Hypophysectomy | ||
| Room | 4. Radiotherapy | |
| High voltage therapy | ||
| Radium therapy | ||
| Isotope therapy | ||
| Here | 5. Hormone therapy | |
| Testosterone |
| Big | 1. Blood stained | ||
| Indian | Intraductal papilloma or carcinoma | ||
| Defence | Duct ectasia | ||
| Force | Fibroadenosis with cysts | ||
| Shops | 2. Serous | ||
| Pregnancy | |||
| Buy | 3. Brown-green | ||
| Fibroadenosis | |||
| Many | 4. Milky | ||
| Following lactation | |||
| Galactocoele | |||
| Products | 5. Purulent | ||
| Abscess |
| Cops | A. Cardiovascular | ||
| An | Arteriosclerosis (senile) | ||
| Evening | Endarteritis obliterans (syphilis) | ||
| Real | Raynaud's disease | ||
| Brothers | Buerger's disease | ||
| Can | Cervical rib | ||
| Emerge | Ergot poisoning | ||
| Enemies | Embolic | ||
| Now | B. Nerve Disease | ||
| Short | Syringomyelia | ||
| Thin | Tabes dorsalis | ||
| People | Peripheral neuritis | ||
| Like | Leprosy | ||
| Him | Hemiplegia | ||
| Please | Paraplegia | ||
| Trying | C. Traumatic | ||
| Tissue injury | |||
| Vascular injury | |||
| To | D. Thermochemical | ||
| He | Heat | ||
| Can | Cold | ||
| Complete | Corrosives | ||
| X-ray | X-ray | ||
| Reporting | Radium | ||
| Indict | E. Infective | ||
|
a. Acute
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|||
| Bose | Boil | ||
| Can | Carbuncle | ||
| Complete | Cancrum oris | ||
| Project | Postoperative | ||
|
b. Gas gangrene
|
|||
| Doctor | F. Diabetic |
| Central | 1. Claudication | |
| Hip pain (bilateral iliac) | ||
| Thigh pain (common femoral) | ||
| Calf pain (superficial femoral) | ||
| Park | 2. Pulses diminished or lost | |
| Has | 3. Hair absent, nails brittle or opaque | |
| Many | 4. Muscle atrophy | |
| Pretty | 5. Pallor on elevation | |
| Damsels | 6. Dependent rubor | |
| Coming | 7. Capillary return slow | |
| With | 8. Wound healing slow | |
| Pistols | 9. Pain at rest | |
| Under | 10. Ulceration and Gangrene |
| 1. Pain | |
| 2. Pallor | |
| 6 | 3. Pulseless |
| P's | 4. Parasthesia |
| 5. Paralysis | |
| 6. Perishing cold |
| Boys | A. Bucco-pharyngeal | ||
| I | 1. Inflammations | ||
| Undertake | 2. Ulceration | ||
| Low | 3. Labioglossolaryngeal paralysis | ||
| Budget | 4. Bulbar paralysis | ||
| Schemes | 5. Spasm | ||
| For | 6. Foreign bodies | ||
| Routine | 7. Retropharyngeal abscess | ||
| Treatment | 8. Tumours | ||
| Like | B Laryngeal | ||
| A | 1. Acute laryngitis | ||
| Complaint | 2. Chronic laryngitis | ||
| To | 3. Tuberculosis | ||
| Station | 4. Syphilis | ||
| Master | 5. Malignancy | ||
| Only | C. Oesophageal | ||
| Can | 1. Congenital malformations | ||
| International | 2. Inflammation - acute or chronic | ||
| Funds | 3. Foreign body | ||
| Department | 4. Diverticula | ||
| Offer | 5. Oesophagectasia | ||
| Some | 6. Simple stricture | ||
| Money? | 7. Malignant stricture | ||
| New | D. Neck | ||
| G | 1. Goitre | ||
| A | 2. Aneurysm | ||
| T | 3. Tumours | ||
| E | 4. Enlarged lymph nodes | ||
| Teacher | E. Thorax | ||
| Middle | 1. Mediastinal tumours | ||
| Men | 2. Medistinal lymph nodes | ||
| Assist | 3. Aneurysms |
| Etiology | |||
| Poor | 1. Peptic ulcer | ||
| Men | 2. Macrocytic anaemia | ||
| Generally | 3. Gastric polyposis | ||
| Cursed | 4. Chronic gastritis | ||
| Clinical features | |||
| Deaf | 1. Dyspepsia | ||
| And | 2. Anorexia | ||
| Dumb | 3. Discomfort after food | ||
| First | 4. Flatulence | ||
| Lived | 5. Loss of weight | ||
| Desperately | 6. Dyspnoea and palpitation (anaemia) | ||
| Now | 7. Nausea | ||
| People | 8. Pain in stomach and back - relieved by vomiting | ||
| Delivering | 9. Dysphagia, heartburn | ||
| Generous | 10. Gastric Distention | ||
| Aid | 11. Anaemia and cachexia | ||
| Diagnosis | |||
| Boring | 1. Barium radiography | ||
| Gossip | 2. Gastroscopy | ||
| From | 3. Fractional test meal | ||
| Short | 4. Stool examination for occult blood | ||
| Wave | 5. Weight chart | ||
| Treatment | |||
| Girls | 1. Gastroenterostomy | ||
| Generally | 2. Gastrostomy | ||
| Join | 3. Jejunostomy | ||
| Inside | 4. Insertion of radon seeds or short lengths of radioactive gold wire | ||
| Postgastrectomy syndrome | |||
| A. Ulceration | |||
| 1. Jejunal ulcer | |||
| 2. Gastric ulcer | |||
| 3. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | |||
| B. Altered function | |||
| a. Postcibal symptoms | |||
| 1. Early postcibal syndrome (Dumpimg syndrome) | |||
| 2. Late postcibal syndrome (hypoglycaemic syndrome) | |||
| 3. Bile vomiting | |||
| b. Nutritional disturbances | |||
| Why | 1. Weight loss and sreatorrhoea | ||
| Is | 2. Iron deficiency anaemia | ||
| My | 3. Megaloblastic anaemia | ||
| Vehicle | 4. Vitamin B Deficiency | ||
| Stopped? | 5. Severe malnutrition |
| Etiology | ||
| Please | 1. Personality predisposition | |
| Assist | 2. Acid factor | |
| The | 3. Traumatic factor | |
| Very | 4. Vascular factor | |
| Tall | 5. Toxic factor | |
| New | 6. Neurogenic factor | |
| Visiting | 7. Vitamin deficiency factor | |
| Doctor | 8. Diet factor | |
| Clinical features | ||
| Pushing | 1. Pain | |
| Very | 2. Vomiting | |
| Heavily | 3. Haematemesis | |
| My | 4. Melaena | |
| Loaded | 5. Loss of weight | |
| Truck | 6. Tenderness | |
| Differential diagnosis | ||
| Carrying | 1. Cholecystitis | |
| A | 2. Appendicitis | |
| Rocking | 3. Renal colic | |
| Horse | 4. Hiatus hernia | |
| On | 5. Oesophagitis | |
| Car | 6. Chronic pancreatitis | |
| And | 7. Angina pectoris | |
| Coming | 8. Carcinoma of stomach, colon or liver | |
| Immediately | 9. Idiopathic dyspepsia | |
| Complications | ||
| Her | 1. Haemorrage | |
| Parents | 2. Perforation | |
| Paid | 3. Perigastric inflammation | |
| Some | 4. Stenosis | |
| Pyloric stenosis | ||
| Hour-glass stomach | ||
| Amount | 5. Anastomotic ulcer | |
| Treatment | ||
| Very | 1. Vagotomy | |
| Great | 2. Gastrojejunostomy | |
| Person | 3. Partial gastrectomy |
| Etiology | |
| Pretty | 1. Poor blood supply |
| Big | 2. Bacteria within the lumen and lymphoid follicles |
| Guns | 3. Greater length, direction and position |
| Seen | 4. Short mesentery |
| Busy | 5. Blocked opening into caecum |
| In | 6. Intestinal infection and foreign bodies |
| Indian | 7. Inflammation of caecum and colon |
| Equity | 8. External trauma |
| Clinical types | |
| College | 1. Catarrhal appendicitis |
| Guys | 2. Gangrenous appendicitis |
| Are | 3. Appendicular abscess |
| Only | 4. Obstructive appendicitis |
| Roaming | 5. Recurrent appendicitis |
| At | 6. Appendicular gastralgia |
| College | 7. Chronic appendicitis |
| Clinical Features (of Catarrhal type) | |
| Police | 1. Pain in right iliac fossa |
| Force | 2. Fever |
| Not | 3. Nausea and vomiting |
| Caring | 4. Constipation - diarrhoea in children |
| To | 5. Tongue furred with foul breath |
| Attend | 6. Abdominal wall rigid, right thigh flexed |
| The | 7. Tenderness at McBurney's point - Rebound tenderness |
| Lone | 8. Lump |
| Crying | 9. Cutaneous hyperaesthesia |
| Lady | 10. Leucocyte count over 12,000/cu.mm. |
| Differential Diagnosis | |
| Many | 1. Mesenteric adenitis |
| People | 2. Pneumonia (in children) |
| Even | 3. Enteritis |
| Admire | 4. Acute pyelitis |
| Prime | 5. Perforation of duodenum or stomach |
| Minister | 6. Mucous colitis |
| Serving | 7. Salpingitis and oophoritis |
| Social | 8. Spinal tuberculosis |
| Service | 9. Suppuration of deep iliac nodes |
| Cause | 10. Carcinoma of caecum |
| Etiology | |||
| Great | 1. Gastrointestinal | ||
| Please | a. Peptic ulcer perforation | ||
| Teach | b. Traumatic rupture | ||
| First | c. Foreign body impaction | ||
| Step | d. Strangulation and volvulus | ||
| Again | e. Appendicitis | ||
| People | 2. Puerperal peritonitis | ||
| Preach | 3. Perforating wounds and operations | ||
| Good | 4. Gonococcal salpingitis | ||
| To | 5. Tuberculosis | ||
| Mankind | 6. Mechanical or chemical | ||
| Extravasation of bile | |||
| Intraperitoneal rupture of gall bladder | |||
| Bleeding from liver, spleen, ectopic pregnancy | |||
| Clinical Picture - Localised peritonitis | |||
| Fallopian | 1. Fever | ||
| Tube | 2. Tachycardia | ||
| Pregnancy | 3. Pain | ||
| Very | 4. Vomiting | ||
| Rare | 5. Rigidity of abdominal wall | ||
| Clinical Picture - Diffuse peritonitis | |||
| Early stage : | |||
| Patients | 1. Pain spreading all over abdomen | ||
| Very | 2. Vomiting bile-stained and effortless | ||
| Pained | 3. Patient supine with knees flexed | ||
| To | 4. Temperature raised - subnormal in fulminant cases | ||
| Pay | 5. Pulse rising | ||
| The | 6. Tongue moist | ||
| Fee | 7. Face flushed | ||
| Are | 8. Abdominal wall without respiratory movements | ||
| Demonstrating | 9. Diffuse rigidity of abdomen | ||
| Now | 10. No peristaltic sounds | ||
| Intermediate stage (3rd day) : | |||
| 1. Abdomen acutely tender | |||
| 2. Pulse rate falls in recovering cases | |||
| 3. Rigidity gives place distention in bad cases | |||
| Later stage : | |||
| General | 1. Gross distention | ||
| Public | 2. Pulse rapid and thready | ||
| Entry | 3. Eyes sunken but bright | ||
| Not | 4. Nose pinched | ||
| Too | 5. Tongue dry and shrivelled | ||
| Far | 6. Forehead and hands cold and clammy | ||
| From | 7. Facies drawn and anxious (Hippocratic facies) | ||
| School | 8. Semiconsciousness in final stages | ||
| Treatment | |||
| Riots | 1. Rest to alimentary canal | ||
| Ryle's tube aspiration | |||
| Nothing orally except 30 ml water every hour | |||
| Flatus tube - No enema | |||
| Soon | 2. Sedation - Morphine 10-15 mg i.m. every 4-hours as necessary | ||
| Initiated | 3. Intravenous fluids | ||
| At | 4. Antibiotics | ||
| The | 5. Treatment of cause | ||
| Poll | 6. Peritoneal toilet (sucking) | ||
| Patient | 1. Postoperative |
| Practically | 2. Peritonitis |
| Remained | 3. Retroperitoneal haemorrhage - Fractured vertebrae |
| Under | 4. Ureteric colic |
| Him | 5. Hypokalaemia |
| Until | 6. Uraemia |
| Doctor | 7. Diabetic coma |
| Declared | 8. Drugs - Probanthine |
| Him | 9. Hypothyroidism |
| Safe | 10. Spinal cord injury |
| Clinical types | |||
| All | 1. Acute intestinal obstruction | ||
| Injured | 2. Intestinal strangulation | ||
| Patients | 3. Paralytic ileus | ||
| Invariably | 4. Intussusception | ||
| Visit | 5. Volvulus | ||
| General | 6. Gall stone ileus | ||
| Medical | 7. Mesenteric thrombosis and embolism | ||
| Clinics | 8. Chronic intestinal obstruction | ||
| Causes | |||
| a. Intraluminar | |||
| May | 1. Meconium | ||
| I | 2. Intussception | ||
| Get | 3. Gall stones | ||
| In? | 4. Impaction | ||
| Four | Faecolith | ||
| Wealthy | Worms | ||
| Boys | Barium | ||
| Have | Hair | ||
| Failed | Food | ||
| b. Bowel wall | |||
| Copper | 1. Congenital | ||
| An | Atresia or stenosis | ||
| Italian | Imperforate anus | ||
| Diplomatic | Duplications | ||
| Mission | Meckel's diverticulum | ||
| T | 2. Traumatic | ||
| Haematoma | |||
| Stricture | |||
| In | 3. Inflammatory | ||
| Crohn's disease | |||
| Diverticulitis | |||
| Newly | 4. Neoplastic | ||
| Married? | 5. Miscellaneous | ||
| Potassium induced stricture | |||
| Radiation stricture | |||
| Endometriosis | |||
| c. Extraluminal | |||
| A | Adhesions or bands | ||
| House | Hernia | ||
| At | Annular pancreas | ||
| A | Anomalous vessels | ||
| Height | Haematoma | ||
| Never | Neoplasms | ||
| Visited | Volvulus | ||
| Treatment | |||
| Lady | 1. Lysis of adhesions | ||
| Robber | 2. Reduction or resection of intussception | ||
| Reached | 3. Reduction of hernia | ||
| Every | 4. Enterotomy | ||
| Remote | 5. Resection | ||
| Building | 6. Bypass | ||
| Under | 7. Untwisting of volvulus | ||
| Dark | 8. Decompression with | ||
| Ileostomy | |||
| Caecostomy | |||
| Colostomy |
| Clinical picture | |
| People | 1. Pain in right hypochondrium |
| Now | 2. Nausea and vomiting |
| May | 3. Malaise |
| Find | 4. Fever |
| Taxation | 5. Tachycardia |
| Really | 6. Rigidity of abdominal wall |
| Meaningful | 7. Murphy's sign positive |
| Differential diagnosis | |
| Pale | 1. Peptic ulcer |
| Patients | 2. Pancreatitis |
| May | 3. Myocardial infarction |
| Have | 4. Hepatitis |
| A | 5. Appendicitis |
| Post | 6. Pneumonia |
| Partum | 7. Pleurisy |
| Haemorrhyage | 8. Herpes zoster |
| Treatment | |
| All | 1. Antibiotics |
| In | 2. I.V. fluids |
| Company | 3. Cholecystectomy |
| Types of stones | |
| Milk | 1. Mixed stones |
| Can | 2. Cholesterol stones |
| Produce | 3. Pigment stones |
| Curd | 4. Calcium carbonate stomes |
| Clinical picture | |
| Doctor | 1. Dyspepsia |
| Found | 2. Flatulence |
| A | 3. Aversion to fatty food |
| Nurse | 4. Nausea |
| Even | 5. Epigastric pain |
| Standing | 6. Subcostal pain referred to shoulder |
| Still | 7. Subcostal tenderness |
| Sites of Impaction | |
| Good | 1. Gall bladder |
| Cases | 2. Cystic duct |
| Coming | 3. Common bile duct |
| Predisposing factors | |
| Late | 1. Lithogenic bile |
| Sittings | 2. Stasis |
| In | 3. Infection |
| Heart | 4. Haemolysis |
| Disease | 5. Diabetes mellitus |
| Have | 6. Hyperlipidaemia |
| Often | 7. Oral contraceptives |
| Increased | 8. Intestinal parasites |
| Cardiac | 9. Crohn's disease |
| Pain | 10. Phaeochromocytoma |
| Differential diagnosis | |
| New | 1. Nervous dyspepsia |
| Patients | 2. Peptic ulcer |
| Generally | 3. Gastritis |
| Can | 4. Chronic pancreatitis |
| Call | 5. Carcinoma of stomach |
| Him | 6. Hepatic flexure disease |
| Late | 7. Liver abscess |
| General complications | |
| A | 1. Acute cholecystitis |
| Car | 2. Common bile duct stone |
| Can | 3. Cholecystenteric fistula |
| Pull | 4. Pancreatitis |
| Car | 5. Carcinoma of gall bladder |
| Complications in gall bladder | |
| Some | 1. Silent stones |
| Dying | 2. Dyspepsia |
| Cases | 3. Colic |
| May | 4. Mucocoele |
| Come | 5. Acute cholecystitis |
| Casually | 6. Chronic cholecystitis |
| Complications in bile duct | |
| Come | 1. Colic |
| On | 2. Obstructive jaundice |
| Anne | 3. Acute pancreatitis |
| Complications in intestine | |
| Intestinal obstruction | |
| Etiology | ||
| Even | 1. Extrahepatic biliary disease | |
| At | 2. Alcoholism | |
| The | 3. Trauma | |
| Posh | 4. Postoperative | |
| Gastrectomy | ||
| Biliary surgery | ||
| Afferent loop obstruction | ||
| Hospitals | 5. Hyperparathyroidism | |
| Departments | 6. Drugs | |
| Thiazides | ||
| Frusemide | ||
| Corticosteroids | ||
| Have | 7. Hypothermia | |
| Hired | 8. Hypercholestraemia | |
| Various | 9. Viral | |
| Mumps | ||
| Coxsackie | ||
| Machines | 10. Miscellaneous | |
| Polyarteritis nodosa | ||
| Malignant hypertension | ||
| Clinical features | ||
| 1. Epigastric pain radiating to back | ||
| 2. Vomiting | ||
| 3. Distention | ||
| 4. Jaundice | ||
| 5. Glycosuria | ||
| 6. Carpopedal spasm | ||
| 7. Ecchymosis in flanks and around unbilicus | ||
| Differential diagnosis | ||
| Poor | 1. Penetrating duodenal ulcer | |
| Patients | 2. Perforated duodenal ulcer | |
| Are | 3. Acute cholecystitis | |
| In | 4. Ischaemic bowel | |
| Mesenteric embolus | ||
| Strangulation | ||
| Maximum | 5. Myocardial infarction | |
| Distress | 6. Dissecting aneurysm |
| Indications | ||
| Resident | 1. Ruptured spleen | |
| Reading | 2. Radical gastrectomy | |
| Bed | 3. Blood disorders | |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenia | ||
| Hereditory spherocytosis | ||
| Head | 4. Hodgkin's disease | |
| Ticket | 5. Tumours and cysts | |
| Complications | ||
| He | 1. Haemorrhage | |
| Sees | 2. Stomach dilatation | |
| Lady | 3. Lung collapse (left lower lobe) | |
| Patients | 4. Pancreatitis | |
| Sitting at | 5. Subphrenic abscess | |
| Some | 6. Splenic vein thrombosis | |
| Safe | 7. Septicaemia | |
| Distance | 8. Deep vein thrombosis |
| Congenital causes | ||
| First | 1. Funicular process nonobliteration | |
| Time | 2. Testes descended late | |
| A | 3. Abdominal muscles and parieties weak | |
| Pre | 4. Patency of rings usually more | |
| Marital | 5. Mesentery or omentum abnormally long | |
| Evacuation | 6. Extreme phimosis | |
| Causes | 7. Congenital apertures in linea alba or linea semilunaris | |
| Ultra | 8. Umbilicus imperfectly developed | |
| Distress | 9. Diaphragm defective, occasionally | |
| Acquired causes | ||
| Please | 1. Postoperative | |
| Decorate | 2. Direct trauma | |
| Central | 3. Chronic strain | |
| Weight lifting occupations | ||
| Chronic cough | ||
| Enlarged prostate or stricture | ||
| Constipation | ||
| Registration | 4. Relaxation of abdominal parieties | |
| Pregnancy, imperfect involution | ||
| Old age | ||
| Office | 5. Obesity | |
| Contents | ||
| I | 1. Intestines (enterocoele) | |
| Only | 2. Omentum (epicocoele) | |
| Can | 3. Caecum | |
| Advise | 4. Appendix | |
| U | 5. Urinary bladder | |
| Extraperitoneal | ||
| Paraperitoneal | ||
| Intraperitoneal | ||
| On | 6. Ovary and fallopian tube | |
| Marriage | 7. Meckel's diverticulam |
| Types | |||||
| I | 1. Inguinal hernia | ||||
| One | a. Oblique inguinal hernia | ||||
| A | Acquired | ||||
| Cunning | Congenital | ||||
| Inspector | Infantile or cystic | ||||
| Day | b. Direct inguinal hernia | ||||
| Invite | c. Interstitial hernia | ||||
| Intraparietal | |||||
| Interparietal | |||||
| Extraparietal | |||||
| Her | d. Hernia-en-Glissade | ||||
| Firmly | 2. Femoral hernia | ||||
| Under | 3. Umbilical hernia | ||||
| a. Infantile | |||||
| b. Adult | |||||
| Valued | 4. Ventral hernia | ||||
| a. Epigastric hernia | |||||
| b. Divarication of recti | |||||
| Lady | 5. Lumber hernia | ||||
| Dancing | 6. Diaphragmatic hernia | ||||
| a. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | |||||
| b. Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia | |||||
| c Hiatus hernia | |||||
| Over | 7. Obturator hernia | ||||
| Rope | 8. Rare types | ||||
| Please | a. Pudic hernia | ||||
| Pay | b. Pudendal hernia | ||||
| Visit | c. Vaginal hernia | ||||
| Soon | d. Sciatic hernia | ||||
| Complications | |
| 1. Incarcerated hernia | |
| 2. Strangulated hernia | |
| 3. External strangulated hernia |
| A. In pelvis | ||
| Come | 1. Congenital | |
| Tomorrow | 2. Tumour | |
| Shop | 3. Stone | |
| Closed | 4. Clot | |
| B. In ureter | ||
| She | 1. Stone | |
| Can | 2. Clot | |
| Try | 3. Tumour | |
| Samples | 4. Stricture | |
| Under | 5. Ureterocoele | |
| Company | 6. Carcinoma | |
| Colon | ||
| Rectum | ||
| Cervix | ||
| Rules | 7. Retroperitoneal fibrosis | |
| C. In urethra | ||
| Please | 1. Prostate | |
| Send | 2. Stricture | |
| Female | 3. Foreign bodies | |
| Coach | 4. Congenital valves |
| Causes | ||
| a. Stasis | ||
| His | 1. Hydronephrosis | |
| Brother | 2. Bladder diverticulum | |
| Really | 3. Retroprostatic pouch | |
| Living | 4. Large residual volume | |
| In | 5. Immobilityt | |
| Distress | 6. Dehydration | |
| b. Excess of normal constituents | ||
| 1. Hyperparathyroidism (calcium) | ||
| 2. Gout (urate) | ||
| 3. Crohn's disease (oxalate, urate, calcium) | ||
| c. Abnormal urine constituents | ||
| 1. Foreign body | ||
| 2. Epithelial debris (infection) | ||
| Radiological D/D | ||
| Call | 1. Calcified lymph node | |
| Girl | 2. Gall stones | |
| Pulled | 3. Phleboliths | |
| The | 4. Tuberculosis | |
| Curtain, | 5. Calcified adrenal | |
| Confessed | 6. Calcified pancreas | |
| Real | 7. Radioopaque pills | |
| Crime | 8. Calcified fibroids |
| Types | |||
| Some | 1. Simple | ||
| Cunning | 2. Compound | ||
| College | 3. Comminuted | ||
| Girl | 4. Greenstick | ||
| Paid | 5. Pathological | ||
| Short | 6. Stress | ||
| Clinical features | |||
| Please | 1. Pain and tenderness | ||
| Send | 2. Swelling | ||
| Doctor | 3. Deformity | ||
| A | 4. Abnormal mobility | ||
| Call | 5. Crepitus | ||
| Causes of nonunion | |||
| I | 1. Improper immobilisation | ||
| Injected | 2. Infection | ||
| A | 3. Avascularity | ||
| Safe | 4. Soft tissue interposition | ||
| Drug, | 5. Distraction | ||
| Man | 6. Malnutrition and severe anaemia | ||
| General complications | |||
| Surely | 1. Shock | ||
| A | 2. Aseptic traumatic fever | ||
| Harm | 3. Hypostatic pneumonia | ||
| Ful | 4. Fat embolism | ||
| Drug | 5. Delirium tremens (in alcoholics) | ||
| Local complications - Immediate | |||
| 1. Nerve injury | |||
| 2. Vascular injury | |||
| 3. Muscle and tendon injuries | |||
| 4. Visceral injury | |||
| 5. Joint injury | |||
| 6. Infection | |||
| Local complications - delayed | |||
| Dog | 1. Delayed union or nonunion | ||
| Makes | 2. Malunion | ||
| A | 3. Avascular necrosis | ||
| Very | 4. Volkmann's ischaemic contracture | ||
| Mighty | 5. Myositis ossificans | ||
| Jump | 6. Joint stiffness due to :- | ||
| Riot | a. Reactional oedema and adhesions | ||
| Is | b. Intra- and periarticular adhesions | ||
| Most | c. Myositis ossificans | ||
| Ominous | d. Osteoarthritis | ||
| Sight | e. Sudeck's osteodystrophy | ||
| Definitely | 1. Dislocations |
| Some | 2. Subluxations |
| School | 3. Sprains |
| Function | 4. Fracture dislocations |
| One | 1. Osteogenic tumours | ||
| Beauty | a. Benign osteoblastoma | ||
| Often | b. Osteosarcoma | ||
| Pays | c. Parosteal sarcoma | ||
| Can | 2. Chondrogenic tumours | ||
| a. Chondroma | |||
| b. Chondrosarcoma | |||
| Consume | 3. Collagenic tumours | ||
| Osteoclastoma | |||
| Milk | 4. Myelogenic tumours | ||
| a. Ewing's tumour | |||
| b. Reticulum cell sarcoma | |||
| c. Multiple myeloma |
| Patient | 1. Pain and tenderness | |
| Reads - | 2. Rigidity | |
| Doctor | 3. Deformity | |
| Can | 4. Cold abscess | |
| Not ! | 5. Nervous phenomena | |
| Paraplegia | ||
| Root pains |
| The | 1. Traumatic | |
| Sprain | ||
| Disc prolapse | ||
| Fracture | ||
| Indian | 2. Inflammatory | |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | ||
| Ankylosing spondylitis | ||
| Doctor | 3. Degenerative | |
| Osteoarthritis | ||
| Disc prolapse | ||
| Osteoporosis | ||
| Now | 4. Neoplastic | |
| Primary tumours | ||
| Metastases | ||
| In | 5. Infectious | |
| Tuberculosis | ||
| Osteomyelitis | ||
| Foeign | 6. Functional | |
| Postural | ||
| Pregnancy | ||
| Leg shortening | ||
| Service | 7. Structural | |
| Spondylosis | ||
| Spondylisthesis | ||
| Sacralisation |
| Men | 1. Mastoiditis - Acute and chronic |
| Evade | 2. Extradural brain abscess |
| The | 3. Thrombosis of lateral sinus and jugular vein |
| Doctor | 4. Deafness |
| Living | 5. Labyrinthitis with vertigo |
| Second | 6. Sternomastoid abscess |
| Floor | 7. Facial palsy |